Perkembangan Kajian Hadis di Indonesia
Telaah Karakteristik dan Orientasi Kajian Abad XVII–XXI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32678/0r9erw55Keywords:
sejarah intelektual, historiografi, kajian hadis, Nusantara, transformasi keilmuanAbstract
Kajian mengenai sejarah perkembangan hadis di Indonesia selama ini cenderung berfokus pada biografi ulama, jaringan intelektual, dan inventarisasi karya-karya hadis, sehingga transformasi kajian hadis sebagai disiplin keilmuan belum banyak dikaji secara komprehensif. Akibatnya, dinamika perkembangan kajian hadis, faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya, serta perubahan orientasi keilmuannya dari masa ke masa belum tergambarkan secara utuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan kajian hadis di Indonesia dari abad ke-17 hingga abad ke-21 melalui perspektif sejarah intelektual dengan menitikberatkan pada periodisasi, konteks sosio-historis, serta perubahan corak dan karakteristik kajian hadis pada setiap periode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan sejarah intelektual. Data diperoleh dari karya-karya representatif ulama hadis Nusantara dan berbagai literatur ilmiah yang relevan, kemudian dianalisis melalui anaalisis periodisasi, sosio-historis, corak kajian, dan historiografi intelektual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlambatan perkembangan kajian hadis di Nusantara bukan disebabkan oleh minimnya eksistensi hadis dalam kehidupan keagamaan masyarakat, melainkan oleh dominasi orientasi dakwah, fikih, dan tasawuf pada masa awal Islamisasi, yang diperkuat oleh dinamika politik-keagamaan dan konflik teologis sehingga menghambat perkembangan metodologi ilmu hadis. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi lima fase perkembangan kajian hadis di Indonesia, yaitu fase islamisasi, institusionalisasi awal, stagnasi metodologis, kebangkitan melalui jaringan intelektual Haramain, dan modernisasi akademik. Setiap fase menunjukkan perubahan fungsi, orientasi, dan karakter kajian hadis yang dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara jaringan ulama, kondisi sosial-politik, perkembangan lembaga pendidikan, dan kebutuhan umat Islam. Penelitian ini berkontribusi memperkaya historiografi kajian hadis di Indonesia melalui penyusunan periodisasi yang lebih komprehensif serta penegasan bahwa perkembangan studi hadis merupakan proses transformasi intelektual yang berlangsung secara evolutif dari tradisi normatif menuju disiplin akademik yang metodologis, kontekstual, dan interdisipliner.
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