Konsep Manusia dan Asas-Asas Peradabannya Menurut Abū Al-Ḥasan Al-Māwardī

Abstract

This study examines Abū al-Ḥasan al-Māwardī’s thought on the concept of the human being and the foundational principles of civilization within the classical Islamic tradition. The topic is selected in response to the tendency of al-Māwardī’s intellectual legacy to be confined to constitutional and political discourse, while his anthropological and civilizational dimensions remain insufficiently systematized. The research aims to elucidate how the human being is positioned as a social subject of civilization and to identify the fundamental principles that sustain order and continuity in collective life. The study employs a library-based research method with a hermeneutic approach grounded in Hans-Georg Gadamer’s concept of the fusion of horizons, through which al-Māwardī’s texts are read dialogically, situated within their classical context and examined for their relevance to contemporary interpretation. The findings indicate that al-Māwardī conceives of the human being as inherently interdependent, with religion and reason serving as the ethical foundations of social life. Civilization, in his view, is constructed upon six principal foundations: religion, leadership, justice, equitable security, sustainable prosperity, and noble aspirations. These six foundations form an integrated conceptual framework that interlinks individual morality, social order, and generational continuity. The study concludes that al-Māwardī’s thought offers a normative civilizational framework that remains pertinent for reflecting on contemporary social and moral crises.