Peran Qodhi Al-Fadhil Pada Peralihan Madzhab Syiah ke Sunni di Mesir Tahun 1161-1199M

Abstract

Qodhi Al-Fadhil was one of the figures who overthrew the Fatimid Caliphate and established the Ayyubid Caliphate in Egypt, his role began to be seen when the ministry of Saladin Al-Ayyubi during the reign of Al-Adhid Lidinillah. Qodhi Al-Fadhil lived during the decline of the position of Ismailism as the religion of the Fatimid Daulah in Egypt. Although Qodhi Al-Fadhil grew up in a Shiite environment, he still adhered to the Sunni understanding in work, public affairs and government.  Qodhi Al-Fadhil was born in the city of Ascalon which is located on the southern coastal plain of Palestine located on the trade route between Egypt and the Levant, including a descendant of the Lakhm tribe. Through his career journey both during the Fatimid and Ayyubid governments, Qodhi Al-Fadhil cannot be separated from Egypt. The integrity that Qodhi Al-Fadhil has for the independence of Egypt or concerning the welfare of the Egyptian people themselves is very high. In the policies or literary works used by Qodhi Al-Fadhil in poetry, letters, and diaries, Egypt and its people are inseparable from the main topics in his writings. The condition of Egypt when the Shiite government had problems with taxation, religious management, government administration and education. New policies set by Qodhi Al-Fadhil such as changing the tax calendar, voicing the call for jihad, replacing some Ismaili writers, and establishing madrasas were some of the efforts that were quite influential in the spread and development of Sunni Islam in Egypt.